The Urban Water Research Association of Australia (UWRAA) was a Division of the Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA), which was funded jointly by WSAA and the Commonwealth Government. Annual reports from 1987 show that 154 reports were produced from 1989 to 2000, until it ceased funding new projects in 1999 after the Commonwealth discontinued co-investment with water utilities. The program had a well-defined strategic plan and an annual open call for proposals in a wide field of urban water research, including storm-water management, improved methods for pathogen detection, pipe failure prediction, assessing customer expectations and international benchmarking of economic effectiveness of utilities. (P. Dillon et al 2018)

The Catalogue below is divided into a number of sections:

Algal Toxins Analysis of water and wastes Asset Management Cryptosporidium and Giardia Drinking water distribution networks Drinking water quality and health Drinking water treatment Economic issues and pricing

Engineering materials and specification Ground water quality and management Instrumentation Planning and research Resources, environmental water quality and ecology Sewerage, surface and coastal water management Wastewater treatment, sludge and land management Water Conservation, Demand Management and Water Usage

Algal toxins

UWRAA 148	Characterisation and Determination of PSP Toxins in Neurotoxic Cyanobacteria and Methods for their Removal from Water	1998
UWRAA 135	Characterisation of Saxitoxins Produced by the Cyanobacterial Genus Anabaena in Australia	1998
UWRAA 134	Removal of Intact Cyanobacterial Cells by Water Treatment	1997
UWRAA 130	Evaluation of Copper Algicides for the Control of Algae and Cyanobacteria	1998
UWRAA 129	By-Products Formed in the Destruction of Algal Toxins by Oxidants such as Chlorine	1997
UWRAA 123	Determination of the Hepatotoxin Cylindrospermopsin Produced by the Cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii	1997
UWRAA 110	The Destruction of Cyanobacterial Peptide Toxins by Oxidants Used in Water Treatment	1996
UWRAA 108	Advance Warning of Cyanobacterial Toxicity	1996
UWRAA 105	Detection of Cyanobacterial Peptide Toxins by a Non-Radioactive Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay	1996
UWRAA 104	Epidemiological Evidence of Algal Toxins in Drinking Water and Recreational Waters	1996
UWRAA 88	Quantification of Factors Controlling the Development of Anabaena circinalis Blooms	1995
UWRAA 46	Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria: Part 2 – Chroococcales and Oscillatoriales	1992
UWRAA 29	Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria: Part 1 – Nostocales	1991
UWRAA 26	Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water Supplies: Analytical Techniques	1991

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Analysis of water and wastes

UWRAA 90	Remote Sensing Electronic Device for Hydrogen Sulphide in the Atmosphere: An Investigation	1995
UWRAA 55	Development of a Water Quality Analyser Suitable for Unattended Use in Rivers and Streams	1993
UWRAA 38	Polymer Based Electrode for the Selective Detection of Dichloramine	1991
UWRAA 26	Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water Supplies: Analytical Techniques	1991
UWRAA 25	Methods for Detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Water: A Preliminary Assessment	1991
UWRAA 11	Chromatographic Analysis of Chloramines using Electrochemical Detection	1991

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 Asset management

UWRAA 146	Life Assessment of Large Cast Iron Water Mains	1998
UWRAA 145	Prediction of Pipeline Failures from Incomplete Data	1998
UWRAA 137	Asset Cost Information Services Feasibility Study	1998
UWRAA 40	Community Analysis of Household Water Pressure Satisfaction	1992
UWRAA 39	Current Cost Asset Valuation: Methodology	1992
UWRAA 33	Statistical Modelling of Water Main Failures	1991
UWRAA 17	Pipeline Assets: Life Cycle Management and Economic Life	1990

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Cryptosporidium and Giardia

UWRAA 128	Survey of Australian Waters for Cryptosporidium and Giardia	1998
UWRAA 25	Methods for Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water: A Preliminary Assessment	1991

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 Drinking water distribution networks

WSAA 205	Review of Remedial Treatments for Copper Corrosion By-Product Release (Blue Water), Pitting and Cuprosolvency	2000
UWRAA 146	Life Assessment of Large Cast Iron Water Mains	1998
UWRAA 145	Prediction of Pipeline Failures from Incomplete Data	1998
UWRAA 141	Effects of Chloramination of Potable Water on the Performance of Materials	1998
UWRAA 138	Performance Requirements for Elastomeric Sealing Pipe Joints – Water Supply and Sewerage	1998
UWRAA 125	Affordable Water Supply and Sewerage for Small Communities	1999
UWRAA 114	Predicting the Failure Performance of Individual Water Mains	1996
UWRAA 112	Alternative Overseas Water Treatment and Supply Practices	1996
UWRAA 99	The Role of Biofilm and Sediment Accumulation and of Chlorine Tolerance in Bacterial Regrowth	1996
UWRAA 84	Dezincification of Brass in Potable Waters	1994
UWRAA 82	Survey of Pipeline Rehabilitation Techniques	1994
UWRAA 81	Graphical Interactive Pipe Network Analysis Program	1994
UWRAA 68	Installation Damage: Effect on Lifetimes of uPVC Pipes Subjected to Cyclic Pressure	1993
UWRAA 66	Assimilable Organic Carbon as a Measure of Bacterial Growth Potential in Water Supplies	1993
UWRAA 64	Control of Pitting Corrosion of Copper Tubes in Potable Waters	1993
UWRAA 33	Statistical Modelling of Water Main Failures	1991
UWRAA 17	Pipeline Assets: Life Cycle Management and Economic Life	1990
UWRAA 15	Chloramination of Water Supplies	1990
UWRAA 10	Taste Thresholds of Monochloramine and Chlorine in Water	1989
UWRAA 5	Leakage Management: Assessing the Effect of Pressure Reduction on Losses from Water Distribution Systems	1989
UWRAA 4	Bacterial Regrowth in Water Supplies	1989

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 Drinking water quality and health

WSAA 203	Bioavailability of Aluminium in Alum-Treated Drinking Water and Food	1998
WSAA 202	Aluminium in Food and Water Supply: An Australian Perspective	1998
WSAA 201	Biological Aspects of Aluminium in Food and Water Supply	1996
UWRAA 150	Alternative Microbiological Indicators of Water Quality	1999
UWRAA 143	Formation of a Practical and Informative Management and Public Communication Tool for Information on Drinking Water Quality	1998
UWRAA 122	Products in Contact with Drinking Water: Investigations into the Metal Extraction and Microbiological Growth Tests	1997
UWRAA 115	Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products Relevant to the 1996 NHMRC/ARMCANZ Guidelines	1996
UWRAA 99	The Role of Biofilm and Sediment Accumulation and of Chlorine Tolerance in Bacterial Regrowth	1996
UWRAA 96	Development of a High Resolution Numerical Scheme Based on Quasi-Characteristics Applicable to Water Quality Modelling	1995
UWRAA 83	Bioavailability of Aluminium from Drinking Water: Co-exposure with Foods and Beverages	1994
UWRAA 66	Assimilable Organic Carbon as a Measure of Bacterial Growth Potential in Water Supplies	1993
UWRAA 15	Chloramination of Water Supplies	1990
UWRAA 10	Taste Thresholds of Monochloramine and Chlorine in Water	1989
UWRAA 4	Bacterial Regrowth in Water Supplies	1989
UWRAA 3	Taste Generation Associated with Chloramination	1989

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 Drinking water treatment

WSAA 200	Review of Drinking Water Treatment Coagulants	1996
UWRAA 153	Assessment of On-Line Particle Counters for Routine Control of Microbial Pathogens at Water Treatment Plants	1999
UWRAA 125	Affordable Water Supply and Sewerage for Small Communities	1999
UWRAA 124	The Microbiological Oxidation and Removal of Manganese from Drinking Water by a Continuous Recyle Fluidized Bioreactor	1997
UWRAA 115	Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products Relevant to the 1996 NHMRC/ARMCANZ Guidelines	1996
UWRAA 112	Alternative Overseas Water Treatment and Supply Practices	1996
UWRAA 106	Water Treatment Sludge: Potential for Use as a Soil Ameliorant	1997
URWAA 98	Water Treatment Plants for Small Communities	1996
UWRAA 85	Behaviour of Aluminium During Water Treatment	1994
UWRAA 61	Chemical Regeneration of Activated Carbon: A Feasibility Study	1993
UWRAA 44	Applications of the Streaming Current Detector in Water Treatment	1992
UWRAA 42	Coagulants for Water Treatment: A Generic Guide	1992
UWRAA 41	Assessment of Coagulants for Water Treatment	1992
UWRAA 20	Chemical Regeneration of Activated Carbon: Preliminary Studies	1990

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 Economic issues and pricing

Occ. Paper 1	Water Pricing and the Marginal Cost of Water	1996
UWRAA 149	Planning the Optimum Use of Funds for Capital Works: Financial Planning Model	1998
UWRAA 103	Principles for Setting Developer’s Contributions for Urban Water Infrastructure	1996
UWRAA 93	Benchmarking the Economic Performance of Australian Urban Water Authorities	1995
UWRAA 89	Urban Water, Markets and the Hilmer Reform Process	1995
UWRAA 77	A Benchmarking Methodology for the Australian Water Industry	1994
UWRAA 72	Stochastic Economic Approach to Headworks Augmentation Timing	1994
UWRAA 65	Measurement of the Total Factor Productivity in Major Water Utilities: Melbourne Case Study	1993
UWRAA 48	Allocation of Sewerage Costs to Customer Segments	1992
UWRAA 43	Optimal Prices for Urban Water: A General Equilibrium Model Applied to Melbourne	1992
UWRAA 39	Current Cost Asset Valuation: Methodology	1992
UWRAA 35	Performance Auditing in the Australian Urban Water Industry	1991
UWRAA 17	Pipeline Assets: Life Cycle Management and Economic Life	1990
UWRAA 2	A Model of Water Pricing for Melbourne, Sydney and Perth	1989

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 Engineering and materials specifications

WSAA 205	Review of Remedial Treatments for Copper Corrosion By-Product Release (Blue Water), Pitting and Cuprosolvency	2000
UWRAA 141	Effects of Chloramination of Potable Water on the Performance of Materials	1998
UWRAA 138	Performance Requirements for Elastomeric Sealing Pipe Joints – Water Supply and Sewerage	1998
UWRAA 122	Products in Contact with Drinking Water: Investigations into the Metal Extraction and Microbiological Growth Tests	1997
UWRAA 84	Dezincification of Brass in Potable Waters	1994
UWRAA 64	Control of Pitting Corrosion of Copper Tubes in Potable Waters	1993

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 Groundwater quality and management

UWRAA 109	Guidelines on the Quality of Stormwater and Treated Wastewater for Injection into Aquifers for Storage and Reuse	1996
UWRAA 49	Impact of Urban Lawns on Nutrient Contamination of an Unconfined Aquifer	1992
UWRAA 32	Biological Removal of Iron from Groundwater: Preliminary Studies	1991
UWRAA 12	Glass Reinforced Plastic Bore Casing for Large Diameter and Deep Bores	1990

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 Instrumentation

UWRAA 153	Assessment of On-Line Particle Counters for Routine Control of Microbial Pathogens at Water Treatment Plants	1999
UWRAA 152	Assessment of the Long Term Reliability of a Water Quality Monitoring System, 1993/1996	1999
UWRAA 62	Tracing Toxic Discharges to Sewers by Analysis of Biofilms (Stage 2)	1993
UWRAA 59	Electronic Household Water Meter: Investigation into a Cost Effective Design	1993
UWRAA 55	Development of a Water Quality Analyser Suitable for Unattended Use in Rivers and Streams	1993
UWRAA 52	Automatic Meter Reading: Link between Meters and Billing Service (Combined Utilities Trial)	1993
UWRAA 50	Early Warning System for Hazardous Substances in Sewage	1992
UWRAA 47	Levelling using the Global Positioning System	1992
UWRAA 28	Electronic Meter Reading: Link between Water Meter and House	1991
UWRAA 27	Tracing Toxic Discharges to Sewers by Analysis of Biofilms	1991
UWRAA 22	Evaluation and Demonstration Facilities for Primary Sensors	1991
UWRAA 21	Management and Display of Dam Surveillance Data	1991

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 Planning and research

UWRAA 154	The Welcome Reef Dam Proposal as a Case Study of Social Assessment Practice by Australian Water Utilities	2000
UWRAA 143	Formation of a Practical and Informative Management and Public Communication Tool for Information on Drinking Water Quality	1998
UWRAA 142	Stormwater Management in Australia: The Feasibility of Neighbourhood Action and Community Information	1998
UWRAA 95	Stormwater Management in Australia: Community Perceptions, Attitudes and Knowledge	1995
UWRAA 74	Decision Support System for the Water Industry: An Object Oriented Approach	1994
UWRAA 72	Stochastic Economic Approach to Headworks Augmentation Timing	1994
URWAA 58	Water in Our Environment: Education Project	1993
UWRAA 57	Identification of Critical Water Supply Assets	1993
UWRAA 51	Management Model for Trade Waste Discharges to Small Treatment Plants (including PRELIM VERSION 4.0 User’s Guide)	1993
UWRAA 40	Community Analysis of Household Water Pressure Satisfaction	1992
UWRAA 13	A Guide to Improving Communication with the Public on Water Industry Policy Issues	1990
UWRAA 6	Improving Communication with the Public on Water Industry Policy Issues	1989

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 Resources, environmental water quality & ecology

WSAA	Environmental Management Guidelines for the Australian Water Industry	1995
Occ. Paper 2	Systematic Environmental Management in the Water Industry: Towards Best Practice	1997
UWRAA	A Guide to Wetland Invertebrates of Southwestern Australia	1997
UWRAA 152	Assessment of the Long Term Reliability of a Water Quality Monitoring System, 1993/1996	1999
UWRAA 142	Stormwater Management in Australia: The Feasibility of Neighbourhood Action and Community Information	1998
UWRAA 139	Sediment, Nutrient and Heavy Metal Characteristics of Urban Stormwater Runoff	1999
UWRAA 131	Numerical Modelling of Extreme Precipitation Events	1997
UWRAA 121	Impact on Water Quality of Gross Pollutants	1997
UWRAA 109	Guidelines on the Quality of Stormwater and Treated Wastewater for Injection into Aquifers for Storage and Reuse	1996
UWRAA 100	Phosphorus in Detergents: Its Contribution to Eutrophication in Australian Inland Waters	1995
UWRAA 87	Benchmarking and Best Practice for Urban Waterway Management	1995
UWRAA 78	Water Quality Effects of Aeration/Destratification at Harding Reservoir, W.A.	1994
UWRAA 69	Safety Aspects of the Design of Roadways as Floodways	1993
UWRAA 45	Sydney Coastal Stormwater Study	1992
UWRAA 34	Stratification, Mixing and Water Quality in Darwin Water Supply Reservoirs	1991
UWRAA 24	Modelling Optimum Conditions for Reservoir Destratification Using Mechanical Mixers	1991
UWRAA 23	Modelling and Design of Reservoir Aeration Destratification Systems	1991
UWRAA 16	The 1988 Australian Winter Storms Experiment: Report on Aircraft Observations	1990
UWRAA 9	Review of Artificial Destratification of Water Storages in Australia	1989

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 Sewerage, surface & coastal water management

WSAA 204	Distinguishing Sources of Faecal Pollution in Australian Inland and Coastal Waters using Sterol Biomarkers and Microbial Faecal Indicators	1998
UWRAA 140	The Effects of Sewage Discharges on the Ecological Processes involving Marine Flora in Southern Australian Waters	1998
UWRAA 126	Development of a Bioindicator to Measure In-stream Effects of Wastewater Overflows	1997
UWRAA 54	Tracer Studies Using Bacteriophage to Predict the fate of Viruses in the Marine Community: Preliminary Assessments	1993

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 Wastewater treatment, sludge & land management

Available from the WSAA shop	Hydrogen Sulphide Control Manual: Septicity, Corrosion and Odour Control in Sewerage Systems – Volume 1 and Volume 2	1989
UWRAA 151	Application of Duckweed in Treating Municipal Wastewater – Trials at Inverell STW	1999
UWRAA 147	Enhancement of Nitrification/Denitrification in Lagoons using Algal Biofilms	1999
UWRAA 144	Microbial Health Hazards Associated with Effluent Reuse	1998
UWRAA 136	Integration of Odour Emission Measurements from Area Sources with Dispersion Modelling Analysis of Environmental Impacts	1999
UWRAA 133	Assessments of Stormflows in Sewerage Systems	1997
UWRAA 132	Land Disposal of Wastewater	1997
UWRAA 127	Aerobic Stabilisation of Waste Activated Sludges	1998
UWRAA 125	Affordable Water Supply and Sewerage for Small Communities	1999
UWRAA 120	New Concepts in Sludge Dewatering	1997
UWRAA 113	Ammonia Removal from Sirofloc® STP Treated Sewage using Australian Natural Zeolite	1996
UWRAA 151	Application of Duckweed in Treating Municipal Wastewater	1995
UWRAA 102	The Effect of Irrigation on Blue Gum (Eucalyptus globulus) Water Uptake	1995
UWRAA 101	Disinfection of Wastewater Effluent: A Review of Current Techniques	1996
UWRAA 97	Landfarming Hydrocarbon Wastes	1996
UWRAA 94	Biological Nutrient Removal Plants: Review of Full-Scale Operation	1995
UWRAA 92	Die-off of Human Pathogens in Stored Wastewater Sludge and Sludge Applied to Land	1995
UWRAA 79	Heavy Metals and Organics in Domestic Wastewater	1994
UWRAA 76	Utilisation of Sewage Sludge for Minesite Rehabilitation: Rix’s Creek Mine Trial	1994
UWRAA 75	Chemical Characterisation and Olfactometric Measurement of Odours from Sewage Treatment Process Units	1994
UWRAA 71	Treatment of Electroplating Wastes using New Generation Membrane Technology	1994
UWRAA 70	Regional Development Implications of Wastewater Reuse: Werribee Case Study	1993
UWRAA 63	Production of Jerusalem Artichoke Hybrids under Irrigation using Urban Wastewater	1993
UWRAA 62	Tracing Toxic Discharges to Sewers by Analysis of Biofilms (Stage 2)	1993
UWRAA 56	Enhancement of Nitrification in Wastewater Lagoons	1993
UWRAA 53	Prediction of Perceived Odour Strength and Type from Composition of Sewage Odour Mixtures	1993
UWRAA 51	Management Model for Trade Waste Discharges to Small Treatment Plants (including PRELIM VERSION 4.0 Users Guide)	1993
UWRAA 50	Early Warning System for Hazardous Substances in Sewage	1992
UWRAA 37	Magnetite and Microwaves in Sewage Effluent Treatment	1991
UWRAA 36	Microbiological Studies on Enhanced Removal of Phosphates from Sewage	1991
UWRAA 27	Tracing Toxic Discharges to Sewers by Analysis of Biofilms	1991
UWRAA 19	PRELIM User’s Guide (Amended): Australian Version	1990
UWRAA 18	Development of Empirical Model for Trade Waste Discharges to Small Treatment Plants	1990
UWRAA 14	Fouling and Cleaning of Fine Bubble Ceramic Dome Diffusers	1990
UWRAA 8	Sewage Fermentation Units to Increase Degradable COD Fraction	1989
UWRAA 1	Trickling Filters – Solids Contact Process: Pilot Plant Studies	1889

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 Water Conservation, Demand Management & Water Usage

UWRAA 119	Critical Evaluation of Domestic Irrigation Equipment	1996
UWRAA 118	An Evaluation of an Integrated Urban Water Management System: Palmyra Case Study	1997
UWRAA 117	Water Sensitive Urban Design: A Tool for Urban Integrated Catchment Management – A Case Study of Bayswater	1997
UWRAA 116	Sustainable Urban Water Systems: Issues and Opportunities	1997
UWRAA 107	Model Guidelines for Domestic Greywater Reuse for Australia	1996
UWRAA 91	Simultaneous Peak Flows for Medium Density Residential Areas	1995
WSAA 86	Wise Water Management – A Demand Management Manual	1998
UWRAA 80	Effluent Reuse: Land and Wet Weather Storage Requirements	1994
UWRAA 73	Domestic Greywater Reuse: Overseas Practice and its Applicability to Australia	1994
UWRAA 70	Regional Development Implications of Wastewater Reuse: Werribee Case Study	1993
UWRAA 67	Simultaneous Peak Water Demands in Residential Areas	1993
UWRAA 63	Production of Jerusalem Artichoke Hybrids under Irrigation using Urban Wastewater	1993
UWRAA 60	Domestic Greywater Reuse: Preliminary Evaluation	1993
UWRAA 40	Community Analysis of Household Water Pressure Satisfaction	1992
UWRAA 31	Effects of Controls on Water Consumption	1991
UWRAA 30	Forecasting Water Demand Using Weather Data	1991
UWRAA 7	Water Use Efficiency of Domestic Appliances	1989

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